Chemistry 13H
Spring 2001


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Professor Paul S. Weiss
Office: 407 Davey Laboratory
Phone: (814) 865-3693
E-mail: stm@psu.edu
Instant Messenger: PSWeiss
Office Hours: Drop in or by appointment
Send e-mail to Paul

Secretary: Connie Smith
Office: 128 Davey Laboratory
Phone: (814) 863-0119
E-mail: cmf11@psu.edu
AIM: PSUConnie


Grader: Jenna Bartz
Room: 286 Simmons
Phone: (814) 862-6308
E-mail: jmb487@psu.edu
AIM: Randmgirl4


Our Amazing Demonstrator: John Cryder
Office 12 Osmond (at the front of the lecture hall)
Phone: (814) 865-5542
E-mail: jcc14@psu.edu


We will have excellent guest lecturers. Stay tuned.


Text

While we will use Brown, Lemay, and Bursten, 8th edition (the same book as used in Chem 12, 12H, and 13), we will also use much supplementary material and www links.


Learning in Chem 13H

This is an exciting course for many reasons. We are able to cover many of the highlights of chemistry in a relatively informal way. This introduction is meant to guide you through many future years of scientific thinking and discussion, citizenship, and possibly even more chemistry.

Much of what you learn, you will learn on your own or from each other. This will allow us greater latitude in class. For instance, nearly every Friday class will be a discussion. If you have topics to discuss and know in advance, let us (instructors and classmates) know so that we can prepare for a higher level discussion.

While we will cover everything in the regular (Chem 13) version of this course, we will do it much faster (!) in order to allow us to pursue many other additional topics. This will require a great deal of work on your part. Please be prepared for it and budget the time for it. Anticipate that the lectures, the readings, and the homeworks will be complementary rather than overlapping. You will be responsible for the material from all of these sources. Similarly, your participation in class is required both for discussions and for the education of your classmates and professor. There is little that we plan to say that is so critical that a good classroom discussion would not be preferable.

Unlike other general chemistry classes, we will cover how it is that we know what we think we do and how we test that understanding. We will develop an understanding of what experiments and theory are required to answer fundamental chemical and scientific questions.


Some chemtouristic sites to visit:

The Elements.
Analytical Chemistry Basics
Analytical Chemistry Instrumentation

Portraits of Scientists and Pictures of Instrumentation
Photography Information at Kodak.
Comets from Sky and Telescope magazine.
The Bends Story
Comment on the bends by Prof. Gold
A little information on rechargeable batteries.
Something on Aluminum.
Quantum control of atoms, etc.
Radon information from the US Geological Survey.
Dupont Nylon page.
Magnetic Resonance Image of a brain.
View biological molecules at NIH's Molecules R Us.
Enzymes -- 3D Views and related links.
Scanning probe microscopy (our research) discussion. See my group's main web page and associated links.
Natural radioactivity and other links.
Feynman Lecture: "There's Plenty of Room at the Bottom"
Energy conversions and Physical Constants from NIST



Seminars in the Eberly College of Science.


Monday 8 January 2001 Lecturers: Paul Weiss, Joe Keiser
Introduction (Weiss), Laboratory Introduction (Joe Keiser), Single Molecule Measurements

HW: Find this website (you have did it!). Turn in the address on Wednesday 11 January.

How a scanning electron microscope works.
Williams Syndrome information from the Williams Syndrome Foundation.
Fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) is used to probe chromosomes using fluorescent labels. We talked about "chromosome paints."

There are commercially available probes. Here is a quick summary on genomics.
Optical tweezers work at NIST. Check out the quicktime movie.
Building simple optical tweezers. HW: Turn in class www site address.


Wednesday 10 January 2001
Measurements of Single Molecules in Biology and Chemistry


Friday 12 January 2001

Single Molecule Measurements III


HW Problems:
  1. What color is table salt when: in a flame, in a shaker, or spread lightly on a table or piece of paper? Why?
  2. Find an article on fluorescence published since 1 January 1999 in an archival journal. Give the full citation including: Author list, journal, volume, page number, and year. Write about five sentences describing what the authors were trying to learn. Your article must be printed (whether or not you capture or read it electronically).
    Hint: Try starting with the top journals like Science and Nature.


Monday 15 January 2001

Acids & Bases I

Read: Chapter 15, Sections 4.2-4, 16.1-5.


Wednesday 17 January 2001

Acids & Bases II


Mass spectroscopy Tutorial (replacing a broken link).
Mass spectroscopy and some others, too, including nuclear magnetic resonance (nmr).

HW Problems: 16.3-8, 11-14, 16, 31-34, 82, 91
Additional HW: Make up a problem that you feel best tests your knowledge of Acids & Bases up to now. It should not be a trivial extension of the assigned problems.
(NB- You will do this for every homework assignment and these will always be graded!)


Friday 19 January 2001

Acid/base Problem Solving
Optical Trapping


Acids & Bases Reading: 16.6-7 and 16.8-11.
HW: 16.38-50, 55-58, 84, 88, 89. Also, your own problem as described in class.


Stem cell primer.
Scientific American discussion of stem cell work.
News story on genetically engineered monkey.


NIST Optical Tweezers Page including the Adhesion Movie
1997 Nobel Physics Prize for Optical Trapping
Mara Prentiss's Optical Tweezers Tutorial


Monday 22 January 2001

Acids and Bases III & Buffers



Read: 17.1 (common ion effect),17.2-3 (buffers & titrations), 7.1-4 (periodicity)
HW: 16.59-64, 67-70, 73-75, 78,80.
17.1-3,5-8 (common ion effect & buffers)
Also, your own problem as always.


Check out Prof. Will Castleman's work on solvation in clusters. (Note: I have been having trouble linking to this site over the last few days.)


Wednesday 24 January 2001

Acids & Bases, cont.
HW: 7.6,14,18,26,30, 17.9-12,16,18,19,25-27,29


Friday 26 January 2001
Mass Spectroscopy and Nanoclusters
Find a paper in the literature from 1998 to 2001 that uses one of the techniques mentioned in the class handout on "Single Molecule Measurements" (lectures 1-2) to make single molecule measurements. Critically summarize the article in five to ten sentences. Be sure to include the reference for your article. (For the reference format, use the reference format of the journal.) You will find such articles in both Science and Nature. Attach a copy of the paper.
You may use www resources as a guide in your search, but you must use only the archival literature as your source.


Monday 29 January 2001
Periodic Trends
Solubility
Read: 7.5-7, 4.2, 17.4-6
HW: 7.43,46,52,54,55
How are the following measured quantitatively: ionization energy, electron affinity?
(This latter problem will be graded in addition to the normal homework.)


Wednesday 31 January 2001
Measurements of Periodic Properties Discusssed & Acid Strength vs. Structure
Read: Sections 19.1-3.
Be prepared to explain the relative acid strengths of:
H2SO4 vs. H2SO3 and
H2SO4 vs. H2SeO4
HW: 17.333-35,40,43,46,49-51,53,55,56,86,89
How are the following measured quantitatively: covalent & ionic radii?
(This latter problem will be graded in addition to the normal homework.)


Friday 2 February 2001
Diffraction, Near-Field Optics, Optical Trapping

That's right folks! No homework (not even an original problem).

From Jenna: An explanation of CAT Scans
Homework requirements.


Monday 5 February 2001

Thermodynamics I:
Spontaneity, Enthalpy, Entropy
Read: Sections 19.4-7
HW: 19.1-2,4-5,14-15,28.


Wednesday 7 February 2001
Exam Review of Material to date
Bring questions/problems
HW: 19.35-38,43,44,46-49,57-58,61,65


Friday 9 February 2001 (Problem session with Jenna)
Problem Session

Pick up Exam I covering through the lecture on Monday 5 February.


Monday 12 February 2001

Thermodynamics II:
Free Energy, Equilibrium Constants, and Work


Wednesday 14 February 2001

Thermodynamics III


Friday 16 February 2001 Note that class will be moved to 112 Osmond for this lecture!
Go over Exam I
Discussion


Monday 19 February 2001
Go over Exam #1
Introduce Electrochemistry


HW: Pick out a recent journal article (try Science or Nature) of keen scientific interest to you and write a 5-10 sentence critical synopsis. Choose a topic that involves chemistry in some way. Attach a copy of the paper.

You may use www resources as a guide, but you must use the archival literature as your source.

Read: Oxidation Numbers pp.121-122, 20.1-4


Wednesday 21 February 2001

Thermodynamics III:
Equilibrium Constants, Work, and Measurements
Electrochemistry II
Project: Select your element for the poster and paper (from a hat!).
Read: 20.5-9
HW: 20.1-3,5,6,8,10-14,25,28

Friday 23 February 2001

Electrochemistry III
HW: Assign oxidation states to five molecules or molecular ions, each containing at least three different elements.
20.64,75-77,80,87,89,94,107


Monday 26 February 2001
Electrochemistry IV
Batteries, Electrolysis, and Corrosion
Read: 23.7-8


Wednesday 28 February 2001
Transition Metal Ions & Complexes I
Read: 24.1-2
(Read 17.4-6 and 23.7-8, if you have not yet)
HW: 23.31,33-36,38,40 (solubility)


Friday 2 March 2001 No class! Enjoy spring break. Work on your posters -- bring references with you!
Poster work


3-11 March 2001
Enjoy Spring Break!


Monday 12 March 2001 (Guest Lecturer Prof. Anne Andrews)
Discussion: Drugs of Abuse


Wednesday 14 March 2001 (Guest Lecturer Prof. Tom Mallouk of the Center for Miscellaneous Chemistry)
Fuel Cells


Friday 16 March 2001
Transition Metals II: Color & Spin
READ SECTION 24.5 (new)
HW: 24.1-4,7,8
Turn in abstracts for posters (a few lines each)
Show energy level diagrams for the filling of the d orbitals for d0-d10 octahedral complexes. Show which electron numbers can have high and low spin complexes and show both the high and low spin electron configurations.


Sunday 18 March 2001
600 PM Elements of Life Poster session -- 2nd Floor Osmond/Davey overpass.
You will have four minutes to present followed by one to two minutes of discussion.

A few thoughts:
Keep a single focus.
Practice your presentation out loud! Work through rough spots repeatedly (memorize words if necessary).
Props and assistants are ok, if justified by your presentation.
Use large, readable fonts. More detail can be in your presentation than on your poster.

Pizza provided.

Hg Kim Magrini
Ni Dave Ruggiero
Ca Leo Vranich
Mg Sarah Shelby
Ba Kerri Pratt
Zn Jonathan Mendenhall
Li Emily Grimsrud
Cu Read Langlois
Fe Jonathan Trump
Cr Dhaval Patel
K Erica Petre
Na David Hess
Tc* Kristen Brubaker
Pt Justin Brumbaugh
F Mark Etherton
Ti Debbie Jones
Co Adam Numis
Al Thomas Denkenberger
Pb LaToya Carson
B Zach Gerhart-Hines
S Ryan Hennessy
Se Justin Williams


Monday 19 March 2001
Hydrogen and Oxygen
Read: 23.1-3


Wednesday 21 March 2001
Nitrogen, Carbon, Fullerenes and Like Molecules
Read: 22.1-2,5-6
HW: 22.5-7,10,11-16,19-20,31-35,40-42


NSF Fullerene Blurb.
Rick Smalley's www page at Rice University.
New York Times article on fullerenes.


Friday 23 March 2001
Nanotechnology Discussion
Links of interest:
National Nanotechnology Homepage
The Scientific American Article on Molecular Electronics I mentioned.
The Lieber Group Page at Harvard.

Carlo Montemagno's hybrid biological molecular motors in Scientific American.
More Molecular Motor Links


Monday 26 March 2001
Materials I: Polymers & Ceramics
Read: 22.7-8
HW: 22.45-48,51-55,58-60




Wednesday 28 March 2001
Materials II: Polymers, cont.
Read: 23.4-6
HW: 23.1,9-13,23,24,27



Friday 30 March 2001
Materials III: Metallurgy, cont.
Papers due for +5 point credit


Monday 2 April 2001 (Guest Lecturer Dr. Lloyd Bumm)
Photography
Papers Due (see requirements below)


Wednesday 4 April 2001
Kinetics I
Choose a metal that was not discussed in the poster sessions (no transuranium elements without prior permission).
In one page or less:
1) Identify its source (location, chemical identity, impurities).
2) Describe how it is collected.
3) Describe how it is reduced (if required).
4) Describe how it is purified.
5) Find out how much it costs as elemental metal.


Friday 6 April 2001
Discussion


Monday 9 April 2001
Kinetics II, Enzymes
You should have already read Chapter 14. Please review it for class.



Wednesday 11 April 2001
Kinetics III, Nuclear Chemistry

HW: 14.2,4,5,9,12,16,17,23,24


Friday 13 April 2001
Nuclear Chemistry II



Monday 16 April 2001
Nuclear Chemistry III:
Half-Life, Mass-Energy Conversion
and Discussion of Breeder Reactors, Nuclear Waste Handling and Disposal


Read: 21.1, 21.4-6
HW: 14.28-31,34,35,39,40,43,46,47

Abstracts for second posters due.

Schedule your final exam! Available dates:
Friday 27 April, Monday-Wednesday 30 April - 2 May


Wednesday 18 April 2001 (Guest Lecturer: Alex Kandel)
Quantum Chemistry I


HW: 21.1-6,12,13,16,19,22,23,25


Friday 20 April 2001 (Guest Lecturer: Alex Kandel)
Quantum Chemistry II
Read: Chapter 21.7-8
HW: 21.28-31,34,35,40,43,46,47


Monday 23 April 2001(Anne Andrews)
Discussion of Memory
Read paper handed out in class Friday before this lecture.
Be prepared to discuss it.


Wednesday 25 April 2001
Course Review


Wednesday 25 April 2001, 730 - 930 PM Materials Posters I -- 2nd Floor Osmond/Davey overpass.

Dendrimers Debbie Jones
Artificial Skin Sarah Shelby
Buckyballs and Medicine David Hess
Fishing Line Thomas Denkenberger
Carbon Fibers Adam Numis
Molecular Motors Mark Etherton
Nanoparticles in Bioassays Read Langlois
Night Vision Zach Gerhart-Hines
Liquid Crystal Displays Justin Williams
Shape Memory Alloy Emily Grimsrud
Here is the link to the stereo images at the exploratorium.


Thursday 26 April 2001, 730 - 930 PM Materials Posters II -- 2nd Floor Osmond/Davey overpass.

Kevlar Kim Magrini
PVC Ryan Hennessy
Ferrofluids Leo Vranich
Color Phosphors for CRTs Dhaval Patel
Superconductors Jonathan Trump
Artificial Diamonds Kristen Brubaker
Goretex Justin Brumbaugh
Silk LaToya Carson
Lexan Jonathan Mendenhall
Rubber Erica Petre
Teflon Kerri Pratt
Bulletproof Glass Dave Ruggiero


Friday 27 April 2001
Final Discussion Class / Review

HW: Summarize in 5-10 sentences the most important thing you learned this semester. Find a related literature reference that goes beyond our discussion. Prepare and answer a question on it.


Individual Oral Final Exams

Held in 407 Davey. Expect the exam to take ca. 45 min.
As announced, if you received less than 85% of the homework points, your final exam will be a rigorous test of general chemistry with special emphasis on the homework that you missed!

Friday 27 April 2001
1:00 PM Justin Williams
2:00 PM Thomas Denkenberger
3:00 PM Kristen Brubaker
4:00 PM Dave Ruggiero

Monday 30 April 2001
9:15 AM Mark Etherton
10:00 AM Emily Grimsrud
11:00 AM David Hess
1:00 PM Jon Mendenhall
2:00 PM Sarah Shelby
3:15 PM Kim Magrini
4:00 PM Debbie Jones

Tuesday 1 May 2001
9:15 AM Justin Brumbaugh
10:00 AM Read Langlois
1:00 PM Jon Trump
2:00 PM Kerri Pratt
3:00 PM Adam Numis
3:45 PM Leo Vranich

Wednesday 2 May 2001
9:00 AM LaToya Carson
10:00 AM Zach Gerhart-Hines
11:00 AM Ryan Hennessy
1:00 PM Erica Petre
2:00 PM Dhaval Patel



Discussion Topics Suggested
Memory.
Chemical and biological warfare agent detection.
Environmental Chemistry.

Bring in topics to discuss. These can be aligned to the topics we are covering, but do not need to be. If we can discuss them intelligently, we will do so. If not, we will find some references and cover them next week. Every Friday class will work this way.

Already covered
Germline modification of primates.
Genetically modified animals on Yahoo.
Fullerenes and like molecules.
Green fluorescent protein labeling.
Fuel cells.
Drugs of abuse.
Polymerization
X-ray Diffraction.
Optical trapping.
Photography.
Quantum mechanics.
Memory in the brain.


Grading

1. Class participation: 20%
2. Homework: 10%
3. Paper and poster presentation of researched topic (elements of life -- specific elements will be assigned in class): 20% (10% each)

Paper Requirements:
The paper should be approximately 10 pages in length, double spaced (double spacing is important to leave room for my comments) in a 12 point font, with 1" margins all around. The paper should include figures and complete references (not www references). The figures will not count in the length. Please take into account the comments that you get from your presentation in preparing your paper.
4. One in-class exam (1 hr) and one poster on materials: 30% (15% each)
Note that pre-approved make-up or conflict exams will be oral exams. No paper is required for this second poster. 5. Oral final exam: 20%
If you received less than 85% of the homework points, your final exam will be a rigorous test of general chemistry with special emphasis on the homework that you missed!

TOTAL: 100%


Homework requirements.

27 April 2001
psw